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临床医学英文术语

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    diseases 疾病

  acute diseases 急性病

  advanced diseases 病沉重期,晚期疾病

  chronic diseases慢性病

  communicable diseases 传染病

  complicating diseases 并发病

  congenital diseases 先天性疾病

  acquired diseases 后天性疾病

  contagious diseases接触性传染病

  endemic diseases 地方病

  epidemic diseases 流行病

  functional diseases 机能病、官能病

  infectious diseases 传染病

  inherited diseases 遗传病

  malignant diseases恶性病

  nutritional diseases 营养病

  occupation diseases 职业病

  organic diseases 器质性病

  paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病

  periodical diseases 周期病

  primary(principal)diseases原发(主导)病

  secondary diseases 继发病

  sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病

  terminal diseases 绝症

  wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主诉

  clinical manifestation 临床表现

  delivery history 分娩史

  etiology病因学

  family history 家族史

  history, medical history 病史

  precipitating(induced)诱因

  marital status婚姻状况

  menstrual history 月经史

  menarche 初潮

  menopause闭经

  past history既往史

  pathogenesis 发病机制

  personal history 个人史symptoms 症状

  cardinal symptom 主要症状

  classical symptom 典型症状

  concomitant symptom 伴发症状

  constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身症状

  indirect symptom 间接症状

  induced symptom 诱发症状

  local symptom 局部症状

  mental symptom精神症状

  symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 综合症,症候群

  signs体征

  antecedent 前驱征

  assident (accessory) 副征

  commemorative 后遗症

  sign of death 死征

  diagnostic诊断征

  sign of disease 病征

  subjective 自觉征,主观征

  vein sign静脉征vital sign 生命体征

  body length (height of the body) 身高

  body weight 体重

  barrel chest 桶状胸

  cachexia 恶病质

  compulsive position 被动体位

  critical facies 病危面容

  emaciation 消瘦

  enophthalmos 眼球下陷

  entropion 睑内翻

  exophthalmos 眼球突出

  flushed face 面色潮红

  gain (loss) in weight 增加(减轻)体重

  lock-jaw 牙关紧闭

  lordosis 脊柱前凸

  nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动

  nystagmus 眼震

  obesity 肥胖

  pallor 苍白

  scolisis 脊柱侧凸

  agitation 焦急不安

  debility, weakness 虚弱

  diaphoresis 出汗,大量出汗

  dizziness, vertigo 眩晕

  lassitude, fatigue 无力,倦怠

  malaise 不适

  night sweat 盗汗

  numbness 麻木

  rigor, chill 寒冷,发冷

  perspiration, sweating 出汗

  pruritus, itching 痒,

  somasthenia 躯体无力

  tingling 麻刺感abscess 脓肿

  acidosis 酸中毒

  adhesion 粘连

  alkalosis 碱中毒

  allergy 过敏

  coagulation defect 凝血不良

  congestion 充血

  dehydration 脱水

  distention 膨胀

  edema 水肿

  embolism 栓塞,栓塞形成

  fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱

  gangrene 坏疽

  hematoma 血肿

  hemorrhage, bleeding 出血

  infarction 梗塞,梗死

  infection 传染

  inflammation 炎症

  ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒

  metastasis 转移

  perforation 穿孔

  necrosis 坏死

  shock 休克

  response 反应,应答

  reaction 反应,感应

  thrombosis 血栓形成

  ulceration 溃疡fever, pyrexia 发烧,发热

  continuous fever 稽留热

  intermittent fever 间歇热

  low-grade fever 低热

  remittent fever 驰张热

  relapsing fever 回归热pain 痛

  burning pain 灼痛

  chest(flank,…) pain 胸(胁腹…)痛

  cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛

  dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛

  pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛

  radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛(放射到…疼痛)angina 绞痛

  cardiac angina 心绞痛

  backache 背痛

  colic 绞痛,急腹痛

  earache 耳痛

  headache 头痛

  neuralgia 神经痛

  migraine 偏头痛

  rebound tenderness 反跳痛

  somatalgia 躯体痛

  sore throat 咽喉痛

  stomachache 胃痛

  toothache 牙痛

  bloody sputum 带血的痰

  cough 咳嗽

  dry cough 干咳

  expectoration 咳痰

  expectoration of blood 咳血

  hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧

  apnea 呼吸暂停,窒息

  asthma 气喘,哮喘

  Cheyne Stokes respiration 切-斯氏呼吸,潮式呼吸

  dyspnea 呼吸困难

  hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸,换气过度

  hypopnea 呼吸不全, 呼吸浅表

  hypoxia 低氧,缺氧

  orthopnea 端坐呼吸

  respiratory arrest 呼吸停止

  suffocation 窒息

  tachypnea 呼吸急促

  fetid breath 口臭

  fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常,心律不齐

  atelectasis 肺不张,肺膨胀不全

  cardiac arrest 心搏骤停

  cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大

  cyanosis 发绀,青紫

  distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张

  extrasystole 期外收缩

  gallop rhythm 奔马律

  hemopleura 血胸

  hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流

  hypovolemia (循环)血容量减少

  palpitation 心悸

  tachycardia 心动过速

  pneumothorax 气胸

  thrill 震颤

  absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失

  dull sound 浊音

  hyperresonant 鼓音

  rale 啰音

  rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音,干啰音

  wheeze 哮鸣音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振,厌食

  dysphagia 吞咽困难

  eructation 嗳气

  belching 嗳气

  flatulence 气胀

  flatus 肠胃气,屁

  gaseous distention 胃胀气

  hematemesis 呕血

  hiccough, hiccup 打呃,呃逆

  nausea 恶心

  pyrosis 胃灼热

  regurgitation 反胃,回流

  thirsty 口渴

  vomiting 呕吐

  anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂

  ascites 腹水

  board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹

  decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱

  exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张

  fistula 瘘,瘘管

  hemorrhoid 痔

  hernia 疝

  hepatomegaly 肝肿大

  intussusception 肠套叠

  jaundice 黄疸

  muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌卫

  peristalsis 蠕动

  loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失

  mass peristalsis 总蠕动

  retrograde (reversed) peristalsis 逆蠕动

  prolapse 脱垂

  prolapse of anus 脱肛

  rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂,脱肛

  volvulus 肠扭转calculus 结石, 石

  biliary calculus 胆结石

  vesical calculus 膀胱结石constipation 便秘

  defecation 排便

  diarrhea 腹泻

  incontinence of feces 大便失禁

  hematochezia 便血

  fecal impaction 大便嵌塞

  occult blood 潜血

  painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动

  clay colored stools 陶土色便

  dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物

  fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪,吐粪

  foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便,脂肪痢

  scanty and hard stools 便少而硬

  tarry (black) stools 柏油样便anuria 无尿

  burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感

  dysurea 排尿困难,尿痛

  enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿

  frequency of urination 尿频

  micturation 排尿

  uresis, urination, voiding 排尿

  nocturia 夜尿

  oliguria 少尿

  polyuria 多尿

  tenesmus 里急后重

  vesical tenesmus 排尿时里急后重

  uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷

  urgency of urination 尿急

  urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿

  chyluria 乳糜尿

  cylindruia 管型尿

  glycosuria 糖尿

  hematuria 血尿

  ketonuria 酮尿

  pneumatinuria 气尿

  proteinuria 蛋白尿

  pyuria 脓尿amenorrhea 经闭,无月经

  dysmenorrhea 痛经

  menorrhagia 月经过多

  lochia 恶露

  menorrhea 行经,月经过多

  menstruation 月经

  uterine contraction 子宫收缩blotch 斑点

  bruise 挫伤,青肿

  acne 痤疮,粉刺

  desquamation 脱皮,脱屑

  ecchymosis 瘀斑

  loss of skin turgor 失去皮肤充盈

  nevus 痣

  papule 丘疹

  petechia 瘀点,瘀斑

  pigmentation 色素沉着

  pustule 脓疱

  purpura 紫癫

  red nodule 红结节

  roseola 玫瑰疹

  scar 伤疤

  senile plaque 老人斑

  spider anaioma 蛛形痣

  subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节

  urticaria 荨麻疹

  vesicle 小水疱

  vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明

  blurred vision, visual disturbance 视力模糊

  impaired vision 视力下降

  lacrimation 流泪

  papilledema 视神经乳头水肿

  photophobia 畏光,羞明

  retinal detachment 视网膜脱离deafness 聋

  hearing loss 听力丧失

  tinnitus 耳鸣

  epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血

  impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍

  nasal discharge 鼻涕

  nasal obstruction 鼻塞

  sneeze 喷嚏

  snore 打鼾

  aphonia, loss of voice 失音症

  hoarseness 嘶哑

  gum bleeding 齿龈出血

  herpes labialis 唇疱疹,感冒疮

  Koplik's spots 科普利克斑

  lead line of the gum 龈铅线

  salivation, drooling 流口水

  straw-berry tongue 草莓舌

  tremulous tongue 舌震颤atrophy 萎缩

  contracture 挛缩

  deformity 畸形,变形

  dislocation 脱位

  fracture 骨折

  closed (simple)fracture 无创骨折,单纯性骨折

  comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折

  compound fracture 哆开(开放性)骨折

  knock-knee 膝外翻

  opisthotonos 角弓反张

  prosthesis 假体

  spasm 痉挛

  tetany (肌)强直,手足抽搦

  wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失语

  ataxia 共济失调

  coma 昏迷

  consciousness 知觉,意识

  convulsion 抽搐,惊厥

  delirium 谵妄

  delusion 妄想

  faint 昏厥

  hallucination 幻觉

  hemiplegia 偏瘫

  increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高

  insanity 精神错乱

  loss of orientation 定向丧失

  mania 躁狂

  memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损,遗忘症

  paraplegia 截瘫,下身麻痹

  projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐

  somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡,嗜睡

  stupor 木僵,昏呆

  tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪

  unconsciousness 失去知觉

  yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象

  cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ……) crisis

  脑(热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…)危象

  failure 衰竭,故障

  central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure

  中枢(循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…)衰竭diagnosis诊断

  auscultation 听诊

  inspection 视诊

  palpation触诊

  percussion 叩诊

  laboratory examination 实验室检查

  physical examination 体格检查

  rectal (vaginal) touch 直肠(阴道)指诊

  impression 印象

  tentative diagnosis 暂定诊断

  differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断

  final diagnosis 最后诊断

  prognosis 预后

  prescription 处方

  incubation (latent) period 潜伏期

  prodromal stage 前驱期

  incipient stage 初期

  quiescent stage 静止期

  alleviation 减轻,缓和

  remission 缓解

  attack 发作

  convalescence (recovery) stage 恢复期

  rehabilitation 康复

  relapse 复发

  sudden death 猝死

  moribund 濒死的

  course of the disease 病程

  course of the treatment 疗程

  indication 适应症,指征

  complication 并发症

  contraindication 禁忌症

  side-effect 副作用

  sequel (sequela), after effect 后遗症

  therapies 治疗方法

  acupuncture therapy 针刺疗法

  block therapy 封闭疗法

  chemical therpy (chemo-therapy) 化学疗法

  combined therapy 综合疗法

  conservative therapy 保守疗法

  constitutional therapy 全身疗法

  dietetic therapy 饮食疗法

  operative treatment 手术疗法

  palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息疗法

  physical therapy 物理疗法

  psychotherapy 精神疗法

  radical treatment 根治

  radio-therapy 放射性疗法

  supporting treatment 支持疗法

  symptomatic treatment对症疗法

  cardiac massage 心脏按摩

  cardiac pacing 心脏起博

  electrotherapy 电疗法

  electroshock treatment 电休克疗法

  hemodialysis 血液透析

  hyperbaric therapy 高压氧疗法

  insulin-shock treatment 胰岛素休克疗法

  light therapy 光疗法

  therapeutic gymnastics 医疗体育

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